{"id":1531,"date":"2026-04-15T18:40:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T15:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/self-harm-and-self-injury-especially-among-young-people\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T18:40:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T15:10:41","slug":"self-harm-and-self-injury-especially-among-young-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/self-harm-and-self-injury-especially-among-young-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Self-harm and self-injury, especially among young people"},"content":{"rendered":"<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Psychological and Psychiatric Causes and Solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Self\u2011harm<\/strong> or <em>Non\u2011suicidal Self\u2011Injury (NSSI)<\/em> refers to behaviors in which a person intentionally harms their own body (such as cutting the skin, burning, or hitting themselves) <strong>without the direct intention to die<\/strong>. However, this behavior is <strong>strongly associated with an increased risk of suicide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">This phenomenon has a notable prevalence among adolescents and young adults and usually reflects an <strong>inability to regulate intense emotions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">1. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics<\/h3>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Peak prevalence: ages <strong>12 to 18<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Reported slightly more frequently in <strong>girls<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Most common form: <strong>cutting<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Other forms include:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Burning the skin<\/li>\n<li>Severe scratching<\/li>\n<li>Hitting the body<\/li>\n<li>Picking at the skin or hair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Important note:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">In many cases, <strong>the goal is not death but the reduction of psychological distress.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">2. Psychological Causes of Self\u2011Harm<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Self\u2011harm is usually the result of a <strong>combination of several factors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">a) Impaired Emotional Regulation<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Considered the <strong>most significant cause<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">The individual experiences intense emotions such as:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Anger<\/li>\n<li>Anxiety<\/li>\n<li>Shame<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of emptiness<\/li>\n<li>Hopelessness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Injuring the body can lead to:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Temporary reduction of tension<\/li>\n<li>Release of endorphins<\/li>\n<li>A sense of control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">For this reason, the behavior becomes <strong>reinforced and likely to be repeated<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">b) Expression of Psychological Pain<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Some adolescents are <strong>unable to verbally express their suffering<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Self\u2011harm becomes:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>A way to show inner pain<\/li>\n<li>An indirect request for help<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">c) Self\u2011Punishment<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\"><em>(Self\u2011punishment)<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">In individuals who experience feelings of:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Guilt<\/li>\n<li>Worthlessness<\/li>\n<li>Shame<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">self\u2011harm may be perceived as a form of <strong>self\u2011punishment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">This pattern is <strong>common in depression<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">d) Emotional Numbness<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Some individuals experience <strong>emotional numbness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Self\u2011harm may help them:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>\u201cFeel something\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Feel alive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">e) Social and Environmental Influences<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Several important factors may contribute to the development or worsening of these behaviors:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li><strong>Bullying<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Family conflicts<\/li>\n<li>Emotional or sexual abuse<\/li>\n<li>Academic pressure<\/li>\n<li>Social media influence and modeling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">3. Co\u2011occurring Psychiatric Disorders<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Self\u2011harm is often associated with certain psychiatric disorders:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Depression<\/li>\n<li>Anxiety disorders<\/li>\n<li>Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)<\/li>\n<li>PTSD<\/li>\n<li>Eating disorders<\/li>\n<li>Substance abuse<\/li>\n<li>ADHD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">4. Important Risk Factors<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">The risk of self\u2011harm increases in the presence of:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Childhood <strong>trauma or abuse<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Family problems<\/li>\n<li>Social isolation<\/li>\n<li>Identity difficulties during adolescence<\/li>\n<li>Deficits in emotion regulation skills<\/li>\n<li>Severe perfectionism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">5. Warning Signs<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Some signs may indicate possible self\u2011harm:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Wearing long\u2011sleeved clothing even in warm weather<\/li>\n<li>Repeated wounds on the hands or thighs<\/li>\n<li>Razors or sharp objects among personal belongings<\/li>\n<li>Social withdrawal<\/li>\n<li>Severe mood swings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">6. Psychological Treatment Approaches<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Treatment usually involves a <strong>combination of psychotherapy, skills training, family interventions, and medication under medical supervision<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Focuses on:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Identifying negative thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Correcting dysfunctional beliefs<\/li>\n<li>Teaching coping skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">2. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">One of the <strong>most effective treatments<\/strong> for self\u2011harm.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Four core skills:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Emotion regulation<\/li>\n<li>Distress tolerance<\/li>\n<li>Mindfulness<\/li>\n<li>Interpersonal effectiveness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">3. Emotion Regulation Skills Training<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">The individual learns to:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Identify their emotions<\/li>\n<li>Manage them <strong>without causing harm<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 lang=\"en\">4. Family Therapy<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en\">Very important for adolescents.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Goals include:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Improving communication between parents and adolescents<\/li>\n<li>Reducing conflicts<\/li>\n<li>Increasing emotional support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">7. Healthy Alternatives to Self\u2011Harm <em>(Harm Alternatives)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">In psychotherapy, adolescents may be encouraged to use:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Writing about their feelings<\/li>\n<li>Physical exercise<\/li>\n<li>Squeezing a stress ball<\/li>\n<li>Drawing<\/li>\n<li>Holding ice in the hand<\/li>\n<li>Deep breathing and relaxation techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">These methods can <strong>reduce tension without causing physical harm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">8. The Role of Family and Loved Ones<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">An appropriate response is <strong>very important<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Recommendations:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Avoid judgment<\/li>\n<li>Listen with empathy<\/li>\n<li>Create a safe space for dialogue<\/li>\n<li>Seek help from mental health professionals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Harsh reactions, blame, or punishment may <strong>worsen the behavior<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">Summary<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Self\u2011harm in young people is usually:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>An attempt to <strong>regulate intense emotions<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Or a way of <strong>expressing psychological pain<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">This behavior is a <strong>serious mental health warning sign<\/strong> and requires:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Psychiatric evaluation<\/li>\n<li>Psychotherapeutic intervention<\/li>\n<li>Family support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>\u201cSociety and Mental Health\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Here, writings and materials related to psychology and psychiatry are shared.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">ID:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ble.ir\/jamehvasalamtravan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/ble.ir\/jamehvasalamtravan<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychological and Psychiatric Causes and Solutions Self\u2011harm or Non\u2011suicidal Self\u2011Injury (NSSI) refers to behaviors in which a person intentionally harms &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/self-harm-and-self-injury-especially-among-young-people\/\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1532,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychological-writings"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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