{"id":1651,"date":"2026-05-04T21:53:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T18:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/"},"modified":"2026-05-04T22:00:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T18:30:01","slug":"spinoza-and-mental-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Spinoza and Mental Health"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 lang=\"en\">\u201cWhat Teachings Does Spinoza Offer for Mental Health?\u201d<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">Spinoza\u2019s philosophy\u2014especially in his book <em>Ethics (Ethica)<\/em>\u2014is in many ways a kind of <strong>philosophical psychology<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">He does not speak directly about clinical treatment, but he offers a framework that many modern psychotherapists find strikingly close to approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">In Spinoza\u2019s view, mental health means the <strong>increase of one\u2019s power to live and to act<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">1. Understanding the Causes of Emotions (Healing Through Insight)<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">Spinoza believed that we are enslaved by emotions when we do not understand their causes.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">He calls this state <strong>passion<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">But when we understand the causes of our emotions, they are transformed into <strong>action<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Everyday example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>If a person is angry but does not know why, they are captive to their anger.<\/li>\n<li>If they realize their anger stems from fear, humiliation, or frustration, they gain greater control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">This closely resembles a central principle in many psychotherapies:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Naming and understanding emotions reduces their power.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">2. Emotions Are Not the Enemy of Reason<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">Unlike moral traditions that regarded emotions as enemies of reason, Spinoza argues:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Human beings are creatures who<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>always live under the influence of affects.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">The goal of mental health is not to eliminate emotions, but to<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>transform passive emotions into active ones.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Jealousy, when understood, can become motivation for growth.<\/li>\n<li>Fear can become rational caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">3. Increasing the \u201cPower of Acting\u201d<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\"><em>(Power of Acting)<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">One of Spinoza\u2019s key concepts is <strong>conatus<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Conatus<\/strong> means the striving of each being to preserve and enhance its existence.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">According to Spinoza:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li><strong>Joy<\/strong> = an increase in one\u2019s power of living<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sadness<\/strong> = a decrease in one\u2019s power of living<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Thus, mental health involves increasing the conditions that enhance one\u2019s vitality:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Healthy relationships<\/li>\n<li>Learning<\/li>\n<li>Creative activity<\/li>\n<li>Physical well\u2011being<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">This perspective closely resembles the concept of <strong>well\u2011being<\/strong> in positive psychology.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">4. Accepting the Necessity of the World<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">One of Spinoza\u2019s most important ideas is that the world operates according to <strong>natural necessity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Much psychological suffering arises from expecting the world to conform to our wishes.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">In Spinoza\u2019s view, mental health involves recognizing that many things are <strong>beyond our control<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">This is very similar to a core principle in ACT:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Focus on what <strong>is within your control<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Accept what <strong>is not within your control<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Tolerate what cannot be controlled<\/li>\n<li>Seek improvement within the limits of control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">5. Reducing Hatred and Anger Through Understanding<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">Spinoza famously wrote:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>\u201cA free person thinks of nothing less than of hatred.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Why?<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Because when we understand others\u2019 behavior within a network of causes, we personalize it less.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">For example, we may realize:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Someone\u2019s aggression stems from fear<\/li>\n<li>Someone\u2019s coldness arises from past suffering<\/li>\n<li>A behavior is due to misunderstanding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">Such understanding reduces emotional reactivity.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">6. The Importance of Human Relationships<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">Spinoza believed that nothing is more useful to a human being than<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>another human being<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">In other words, mental health is fundamentally a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>social phenomenon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Friendship, cooperation, and empathy increase our power to live.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">7. Peace Through a Broader Perspective<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">At the highest level, Spinoza speaks of:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Amor Dei Intellectualis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">\u2014the <em>intellectual love of God<\/em> (or of Nature as a whole).<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">This is a deep state of tranquility that arises when a person sees themselves as part of the greater order of existence.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Psychologically, this resembles what today might be called an experience of <strong>existential awe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 lang=\"en\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en\">If we translate Spinoza\u2019s teachings into psychological language, mental health includes:<\/p>\n<ul lang=\"en\">\n<li>Accurate understanding of emotions<\/li>\n<li>Transforming passive emotions into conscious action<\/li>\n<li>Increasing the conditions that enhance vitality<\/li>\n<li>Accepting the limits of human control<\/li>\n<li>Reducing hatred by understanding causes<\/li>\n<li>Forming meaningful human relationships<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining a broad perspective on life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en\">For this reason, many philosophers and psychologists argue that Spinoza offers a kind of <strong>philosophical precursor to modern psychotherapy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 lang=\"en\">\u201cSociety and Mental Health\u201d<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en\">Here, writings and materials related to psychology and psychiatry are shared.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">\ud83c\udd94 ID:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ble.ir\/jamehvasalamtravan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/ble.ir\/jamehvasalamtravan<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p lang=\"en\"><strong>Dr. Hamid Yousefi\u2019s Website<\/strong><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\">Psychiatrist<\/p>\n<p lang=\"en\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drhamidyousefi.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.drhamidyousefi.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWhat Teachings Does Spinoza Offer for Mental Health?\u201d Spinoza\u2019s philosophy\u2014especially in his book Ethics (Ethica)\u2014is in many ways a kind &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Spinoza and Mental Health - \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spinoza and Mental Health\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cWhat Teachings Does Spinoza Offer for Mental Health?\u201d Spinoza\u2019s philosophy\u2014especially in his book Ethics (Ethica)\u2014is in many ways a kind ... \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DrYousefi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DrYousefi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"DrYousefi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40\"},\"headline\":\"Spinoza and Mental Health\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":669,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Thought\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/\",\"name\":\"Spinoza and Mental Health - \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":450},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/spinoza-and-mental-health\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Spinoza and Mental Health\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40\",\"name\":\"DrYousefi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"DrYousefi\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drhamidyousefi.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/dryousefi\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Spinoza and Mental Health - \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Spinoza and Mental Health","og_description":"\u201cWhat Teachings Does Spinoza Offer for Mental Health?\u201d Spinoza\u2019s philosophy\u2014especially in his book Ethics (Ethica)\u2014is in many ways a kind ... \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628","og_url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/","og_site_name":"\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi","article_published_time":"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":450,"url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"DrYousefi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DrYousefi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/"},"author":{"name":"DrYousefi","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/#\/schema\/person\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40"},"headline":"Spinoza and Mental Health","datePublished":"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/"},"wordCount":669,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg","articleSection":["Thought"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/","url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/","name":"Spinoza and Mental Health - \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-04T18:23:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-04T18:30:01+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/#\/schema\/person\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627.jpg","width":800,"height":450},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/spinoza-and-mental-health\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Spinoza and Mental Health"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/","name":"\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc Dr Hamid Yousefi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/#\/schema\/person\/512da6ca9acbe5e05da6d89321cc2c40","name":"DrYousefi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/551f46fc0c1519976e5938fb45894d5aebcbd1a8f661d2d26b83237baa685094?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"DrYousefi"},"url":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/author\/dryousefi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1651"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1652,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1651\/revisions\/1652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drhamidyousefi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}